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8. JEBOME.

September 90th.

THE

LIVES OF THE SAINTS.

BY

REV. S. BARING-GOULD, M.A.,

AUTHOR OF

' The Origin and Dtvtlopmtnt of Religious Belief" " Post Afediaval Preachers,'* " Curious Afyihs of ike Middle Ages" b'c 6'<".

SEPTEMBER.

JOHN HODGES,

24, KING WILLIAM STREET, STRAND, LONDON. 1875.

LONtX>N:

SAVILL, ftDWAKDS AND CO., PRINTERS, CHANDOS STREET,

COVBNT GARDEN.

CONTENTS.

VOL, IX.

oo. Abufidius^ Abun* dantiusy and Others, MM. .., 261 S. Adamnariy Abl ... 358

„ Adrian, M. 113

„ AgapOusI.^Pope. 321

„ Akhard, Ab. 249

SS. Aigulfy Ab. and

Comp.y MM. ... 41

S.AiIbe,B. 180

„ Alexander, BiM.. 325 „ Alkmund, B. of

Hexham 109

„ AmatuSjAb 192

„ AmatuSjB.ofSens 194 „ Anastasius, M. ... 178 SS. Andcchius, Thyr- sus, and Felix,

MM. 361

S. Antoninus, M, ... 11 „ Asdepiodotus, M. 247 i, Augustinus, M ,,, 89 „ Autonomus, M..,. 178

S. Barypsahas,H.M. 147 „ Basilissa, V.M. ... 35

,,Beata,V.M. 89

„ B^a, V. Abss. ... 92

„ Berteain,H. 139

-,, Btrtin, Abk i 71

SS. Boris afid Gleb,

MM. 75

S, CagHoald, B 90

SS, Callistratus and

Comp,,MM. ... 385 S, Catharine of

Getioa, W. 252

„ Censorinus, M,.,. 67

„ Ceolfrid, Ab 378

„ Cleophas 374

„ Clodoald, B.C. ... 104

„ Columba, VM.,.. 279

„ Concordius, M. ... 12

„ Corbinian, B. ... 120 „ Cornelius, Pope,

M. 196

SS, Cosmos and Da-

mian, MM. ... 397 „ Crescentianus and

Others, MM, ... 228

S. Crescentius, M.,., 229

- „ Cuthbert,B. 50

» Cyprian, B,M.,,, 203 SS. Cyprian and Jus-

tina, MM, 386

D,

SS. Digfta and Eme-

rita, VV, MM. . 328

VI

CONTENTS.

	PAGE		PAGE
SS, Don at i an and		S. Geremar, Ab	362
Others, MM. .,,	89	„ GerulfM.	326
S. Dorotheus, M, ...	131	„ Gilbert, B, of Hex-
		ham	109
77		„ Giles, Ab	8
E,		„ Gordian, H,	185
S. Edith of Poles-		„ Gorgonius, M. ..,	131
worth, W. Abss.	267	„ Grata, W.	48
„ Edith of Wilton,		„ Gregory the Illu-
V.Abss	269	minator, B	442
„ Elzear	402	„ Guido, C.	181
SS, Emilias and yere-
mias, MM,	251	jr
S. Emmeram, B,M,	338
„ Eudoxius, M, ... „ Eulogius,.B	68 189		43 157
„ Hilar ius. Pope ...
„ Euphemia, V,M. ,	257	„ Hildegard, V.
„ Eupsychius, M..,.	q6	Abss.	279
„ Eusebius, M,	118	„ Honarius, Abp. of
„ Eustace, M.	3J9	Canterbury	464
„ Eustochium, V,A,	411	. „ Hyacinth, M.	166
„ Emtorgius, B. ,..	292
Exaltation of the Cross	233	/.
S, Eocuperius, Bp„,.	410	S. Ida, W. ..	50 51
R	B. Irmgard, W. ...
S. Faustus,Bp.	413	y.
„ Felix, BM	144	SS. yanuarius and Others, MM, ... „ Jerome, PJD, . . . .. ^ohn, M,
SS, Felix and Regula, MM, Is. Ferreolus, M, ...	169 289	301 450 97 395 292 185
„ Finbar, Bp.	377	„ John Mark
„ FirminUs, B. of Amiens „ Firminus, B,M, ,	4 375	„ Joseph of Cuper- tino, C, „ Julian, P,M. ...
G.		K,
S. Gminianus, M. .	259	S. Kieran, Ab, of	•
„ GmeMd,B,i	70	Clonmacnais ..,	132

CONTfeNTS.

• Vll

PAGE

S,L(Bius,BM. 89

„ LcUus^M, 4

^ Lambert^ B,M, ... 274 „ Laurence yustin-

ianiy B,C, 76

. „ Liberius^ Pope ... 351

„ Linus y Pope^ M, . 349

„ Lioba, Abss 417

» Lo^^' 337

„ LolaUy B,C. 340

„ Lucia, V.M. 259

„ Ludmiia,W.M.,.. 265 „ Lupus, Abp. of

Sens 5

M.

S, Macedonius,M,,,. 179

„ Macniss, B, 36

„ Macrobius, M. ... 185 „ Madelberia, Abss, 109 „ Magnoald, Ab. ... 94 „ Mansudus^ B. of

Toul ,. 35

„ Marcdlus, M. ,,, 44 SS. Marcian and

Others, MM. ... 261 S, Mar gar ei of Lou- vain, V.M 17

,, Marinus, Deac.,,. 46 . „ Matemus, B. of

Trives 230

„ Matthew, Ap,

Evang. M. 323

SS, Maurice and

Comp,, MM. ... 329 S. Mauriiius, B, of

Angers 186

n MaximUSf M. ... 247

PAGB

SS, Memorius . and

Comp,, MM. ... 103 „ Menodora and Metrodora, VV,

MM. 145

S, Methodius, B.M. 291 SS, Michad and All

Angds 428

S, Modoc, B 108

„ Monessa, V. ...... 47

N,

S. Natalia, 1V.M.., 113 Nativity of the B.

Virgin, no

S,Nemesidnus,B,M, 144

„ Nestabo, M, 118

„ Nicdas, M, 176

„ Nicdas the Goth,

M, 248

„ Nicolas Tolentini,

C, 160

„ Nilus, Ab 389

„ Nicomede, P,M... 246

„ Ninian, B 262

„ Nivard, Abp. of

Rhdms ; 8

„ Nonnosus, Ab, ... 13 „ Nothburga, V, ... 240 „ Nymphodora, F,M, 14$

O,

S, Omer, B 135

„ OnesiphorUSi M,,,: 87

S, Paphnutius, B.C. 169 SS. Paphnutius and

Comp,, MM. ,,. 362

vm

CONTENTS,

	PAGE		PACE
S. Phocas the Gar^		S. Sozon,M.	98
dener, M.	327	„ Sperandea,V,Abss,	174
„ Phcsbe, Deacss. ...	34	„ Stephen, K.C. ...	19
,, Fhiiip.M.	184	„ Susanna, V,M.,,.	320
„ Porphyry, M. ...	87
„ Principius, Bp, of		T.
Soissons	376
„ Priscus, M.	I	S. Tatian,M,	179
.. Protus* Jif,.	166	„ Thecla, V.M. ... „ Theodard,B.M...	350 159
■ ■ ^ r ^^www^0 ^ ^r^ •9« ••• ••• „ Pulcheriay Empss.	148
		„ Theodora, Peti ...	172
G.		„ Theodore, Abp. of
		Canierhury	303
S» Quiriams^ M, ...	67	„ Th€Qdatus,M.	247
		„ Theoduius, M. ...	179
R.		„ Theophanes, H,...	130
S. R^na, V.M. ...	lOI	SS. Twelve Brethren, MM.
„ Reguia, V.M. ...	169	2
„ Remac/e, JB.	38
„ RAats, V.M.	70	V.
„ Robert of Knaves-
borough^ H. SS. Romanus and Da-	364	S, Verena, V.	2
SS. Victor and Ursus,
vid, MM.	7S	MM.	441
S, Romulus y M,	67	S. Victorinus, P.M. .	66
„ Rosa, V.	57	„ Vincent, M.	4
„ Rosalia, K	S3	W.
S.		S. Wenceslas, KM.	421
S. Salaberga, W.A. .	339	„ WUfreda, Abss...	140
„ Salvius,B.of Albi	158	,, William, B. of
„ Sanctianus, M. ...	89	Roskilde	13
„ Satyrius, C.	273
B. Seraphina^ Abss.	127	Z.
S. Sergius /, Pope .	137
„ Sergius, Ah	381	S.Zenas	397
„ Scvertan,M.	132	„ Zeno, C.	\J7 1 118
SS. Socrates and Ste-		„ Zeno,M.	12
phen^ MM.	272	» Z^o,M.	68

Lives of the Saints.

September 1.

Joshua, Leader qf tJu Israelites^ in Paiesti$te; circ. 1450 B.C.

Gideon, Judge of Israel, in Palestine ; circ. 12x0 B.C.

S. Anna, Prophetess at Jerusalem ; begiMMing 0/ \st cent.

S. Priscus, M. at Capua ; ist cent.

SS. Terentiakis, ^.^., AND Flaccus, M. at Todi 4n Umbria; circ.

A.D. 118. SS. SiXTUS AND SiNicius, BB. at Rlieiinsl circ. a.d. 300. SS. XII. Brothers, MM. at Benrvento ; circ, a.d. 303. S. Verena, F. at Zurtach in Switzerland. S. FiRMiNus, B.C. at Amiens; circ. a.d. 390. SS. Vincent, B.M., and \.M-rvs,P.M. at Tarbes. S. Victories, A of Sens; circ. a.d. 490. S. Lupus, B. 0/ Sens; a.d. 623. S. Nivard, Abp. of Rheims ; circ. a.d. 673. S. Giles, Ab. in Provence ; circ. a.d. 712.

S. PRISCUS, M.

(iST CENT.) [Roman Martyrology.]

I AINT PRISCUS is said by popular legend to have been the man in whose house Christ ate the last Passover, and instituted the Blessed Sacrament. He followed S. Peter to Rome, and suffered martyrdom at Capua.

VOL. IX.

2 Lives of the Saints. ^sept. r.

SS. TWELVE BROTHERS, MM.

(ciRC. A.D. 303.)

[Roman Martyrology. In no ancient copies of Usuardus or other early martyrologies. The Brothers on different days in different Italian cities which possess their relics. Authority : — The Acts, written before the nth cent., but not very ancient or trustworthy.]

There were twelve brothers, fearing God, and worshipping Christ at Carthage, by name Donatus, Felix, Arontius, Hono- ratus, Fortunatus, Sabinian, Septimius, Januarius, another Felix, Vitalis, Sator, and Repositus.* They were captured at Adrumetium, where they had taken refuge until the tyranny ^ of persecution had- overpassed, and were brought to Carthage, where they were tortured ; and, because they would not re- nounce Christ, they were sent to Italy chained together by the neck. Arontius, Honoratus, Fortunatus, and Sabinian were decapitated at Potentia on the 27th" of August. Next day, August 28th, Januarius and Felix were executed at Venusia. On the following day, Vitalis, Sator, and Repositus suffered at Velinianum. Donatus and Felix were martyred on the I St of September at Sentianum. The relics of all were afterwards translated to Beneventum, where they now repose.

S. VERENA, V. (date uncertain.)

[Roman Martyrology. Some copies of Usuardus, Notker, and Wandel- bert. The Acts are not trustworthy.]

S. Verena, according to legend, was an Eg)rptian damsel, daughter of Chaeremon, who came to Milan, when hearing of the martyrdom of the blessed Maurice and his com-

^ It is improbable that there were two brothers of the same name, Felix. Probably <these martyrs were brothers in the Faith and not in blood.

Sept,.] S. Verena. 3

panions at Agaimum, she crossed the Alps to visit the spot watered by their blood, and to collect relics.

She wandered north into Solothum, and settled in a grotto in the face of a rock. The cave became afterwards the favourite resort of hermits, a chapel was built there in 1426, and renovated in 1555 and 1575. The spot is not one of the least impressive in Switzerland. It lies at the end of a pretty valley, hemmed in by rocks of gneiss embowered in trees, about two miles north-east of Solothum. It is reached by paths, originally formed by the French ^migr^s, who, at the outbreak of the French Revolution, sought an asylum here. The valley abounds in caves and grottoes, partly natural, partly artificial, and at its further extremity, within a natural shelf of over-arching cliff, stands the little chapel of S. Verena. Behind the altar a small cave has been cut in the rock, and now contains a representation of the Holy Sepulchre. In this cave the pious maiden lived, spending her time in prayer and in ministering to the clean- liness of soul and body of the peasantry of the neighbour- hood. Being possessed of a comb, she visited their cottages, and paid a not imnecessary attention to their heads. In commemoration of this a Latin inscription was cut on the rock ! —

•• Pectore dum Christo, dum pectine servit egenis, Hoc latuit quondam Sancta Verena cavo."

The devil, enraged at the transformation wrought by her solicitude in the heads and hearts of the peasants, tried to drag her away from the cave and dash her over the rocks ; but she saved herself by clinging fast to the stone, and the holes made by her finger-nails are shown to this day.

After awhile Verena resumed her pilgrim's staff and journeyed to Coblenz, and from thence to Zurzach in Canton Aargau, where she died. The body lies in an ancient crypt under the collegiate church of Zurzach. Over

I: — 2

4 Lives of the Saints. [Sept. i.

it is erected a monument representing the saint lying with her comb in one hand and a porringer in the other ; and a wreath of roses round her head.

It is probable that S. Verena lived much later than tlie date generally attributed to her, and that her visit to Agaunum has led to her having been supposed a contemporary of S. Maurice.

S. FIRMINUS, B. OF AMIENS.

(about A.D. 390.) [Gallican Martyrology. The Acts are late and full of anachronisms.]

S. FiRMiNUS was the third bishop of Amiens. His father,, Faustinian, prefect of Gaul, had been baptized by the martyr Firminus (September 25 th), and iA honour of his spiritual father gave this name to his son. Eulogius, second bishop of Amiens, died about a.d. 350, and Firminus was elected in his room. He administered the diocese with prudence, during the forty years that he directed it. He was buried in the church now called S. Acheuil, which he is said to have built But his body was translated to the cathedral in the seventh century by S. Salvius.

SS. VINCENT AND L^TUS, MM. (date uncertain.)

[Roman Martyrology ; also the Spanish Martyrologies. The only autho- rity for the Acts of these saints is popular tradition.]

Vincent, a priest, and Laetus his companion, are regarded at Tarbes as the apostles of that part of France, and martyrs. for the faith. But they are also venerated in Spain, at libisosa, where they are said to have suffered.

scpL ,.] S. Lupus. 5

S. LUPUS, ABP. OF SENS. (a.d. 623.)

[Roman and Gallican Martyrologies. Ado, Usuardus, Notker, and Wandelbert, Peter de Natalibus, Molanus, Canisius, &c. The "Life" is very ancient, probably of the 7th cent., and is trustworthy.]

S. Lupus, in French Leu^ was born in a.d. 573, near Orleans, and was the son of a prince named Betto, and Austregild, who was of royal blood. The brothers of Austregild were Austrenius, Bishop of Orleans, and Aunarius, Bishop of Auxerre. Contrary to the custom of the time, Austregild nourished her child at her own breast, instead of confiding him to a foster-mother. When the child grew to the age when he could discern good from evil, she com- mitted him to the care of his uncles. It is said that his boyish voice was so sweet and soft, that when he sang in the churches men doubted if an angel were not chanting. Having manifested from childhood a desire to serve God at the altar, no opposition was offered to his inclination, and fee retired to learn perfection into the holy isle of Lerins, the nursery of saints. On the death of S. Arthemius, Bishop of Sens, in a.d. 609, with the consent of the king, Lupus was elected to the vacant seat.

The piety, gentleness, and zeal of the bishop became renowned j but among the coarse-minded courtiers of King Theoderic II. and Brunehaut, many a scandalous jest or slanderous tale circulated relative to the great churchmen of the day, and Lupus was not spared. Verosa, the daughter of the late bishop, was always about with Lupus, and the bishop seemed very fond of her. Folkar, a noble, godson of Betto, the bishop's father, full of indignation, hastened to ;Sens, and told Lupus what was said of him.

The bishop smiled, and summoned the young girl into

6 Lives of the Saints. [Sept. r.

his presence before Folkar ; then, la)ring his hands on her shoulders, he stooped and kissed her pure brow.

" The ugly words of men matter nothing, when the conscience is white," said Lupus ; " I love the maiden dearly, but purely, in Jesus Christ my King."

On the death of Theoderic, Clothair II., son of Chilperic, and King of Neustria, invaded Austrasia and Burgundy. His officer, Blidebod, laid siege to Sens, and took it by storm ; the troops bursting in began to cut down and spear every one they met, when Lupus, flying to the church, caught the bell-rope and pulled it. The clang of the bell arrested the soldiers, panic fell on them, and they retired.

Burgundy having fallen under the power of Clothair, the king exiled Lupus to Neustria, which was still in part Pagan : and the saintly prelate spent his time, whilst in banishment, preaching to and baptizing the idolaters.

The chief accuser of Lupus had been Medegisl, Abbot of S. Remi, who hoped to obtain the archbbhopric when Lupus was removed; but the people, infuriated at his conduct, burst into the church of S. Remi, and tore the abbot to pieces. At this time S. Winebald was abbot at Troyes, a man of great sanctity and generally esteemed. At the request of the Archdeacon of Sens, he sought Clothair, and entreated him to restore Lupus to his afflicted flock. The abbot wrung consent from the king, and then hast- ened into Neustria to find the bishop and bring him back to Sens.

The return of Lupus to his diocese was a triumph^ miracles and enthusiastic crowds attested his sanctity and popularity.

One day, we are told, Lupus was sa}ing mass, when a jewel suddenly dropped into the chalice. This was regarded as miraculous, though it had probably become detached

scgt ,.) S. Lupus. 7

from his mitxe or other vestments ; and it was preserved in the treasury as a relic

Clothair sent for the bell of S. Stephen's, which had wrought such a panic among his soldiers, and had arrested the massacre of the Senonese, and it was taken to Paris, but as it did not seem to him very remarkable, he sent it back again, and it was received with pomp of banners and procession by the people.

Lupus died in a.d. 623, in the village of Brinon, and was buried under the eaves of the church of S. Columba at Sens, according to his dying wish. The story is told of him, that when exiled from Sens, he cast his ring into the moat Shortly before his return, a fisherman caught a barbel at Melun, in whose belly he found the ring, which was taken back to the cathedral, where it is still preserved

The story is told also of S. Kentigem, S. Atilal of Zamora, S. Amald, Bishop of Metz ; S. Maurillus, S. Benno, and S. Egwin, Bishop of Worcester, who are said in like manner to have thrown away the keys of their churches, and to have found them again in fishes.

But the story is a very common and ancient one ; it is told of Solomon, who lost his ring and with it his power ; he then became captive, and not till it was found in a fish's stomach and returned to his finger, did he recover his throne* and power.* The story is found also in the " Arabian Nights " (Night 495), and is the same as the Indian legend of Sakontala. It is found among Aleutian tales, but in this case it is a golden bowl which is swallowed.*

» Tendlau, Judischer Legende, Nr. 39.

s Radloff, Volkslitteratur d. T&rkischen St&mme Sad Sibiriens, Petersb. i. p. ZX5, 868'-903. Compare also Psiuli, Schimpf u. Ernst, No. 635, Jubinal, Nouveau Recueil, i. p. 1, Hcidelbergcr Jahrbucher, Nr. 1867, p. 78.

8 Lives of the Saints. ^scpt i.

S. NIVARD, ABP. OF RHEIMS. (about a.d. 673.)

[Gallican and Roman Martyrologies. Authority:— A Life by Almann, monk of Altvillars, in the 9th cent.]

S. NiVARD or Nivon belonged to the family of the Kings of Austrasia. The name of his four brothers were Bavo, Theoderam, S. Gundebert, and Baldwin; his brother-in- law, Childeric, had a daughter, who married S. Regulus (Reuil), afterwards Archbishop of Rheims.

S. Nivard was elected about the year 649 to the arch- bishopric of Rheims. No particulars of any interest have been related concerning him.

S. GILES, AB.

(about A.D. 712.)

[Roman Martyrology; some of the additions to Bede's Martyrology. Not Usuardus. Gallican Martyrologies. York, Sarum, and modern Anglican Kalendars. The Lives of S. Giles are all later than the 8th cent. ; full of anachronisms and marvels. They make Giles son of a Greek king, who came to S. Cgesarius, B. of Aries, and met Flavins, King of the Goths ; then, \>y orders of Charles Martel, King of the Franks, he went to Orleans. S. Caesarius died a.d. 542, Charles Martel in a.d. 741. Mabillon "unum illud pro certo enuntiat, Acta S. ^gidii nullius pene esse momenti ; adeoque idonea non esse ad factum aliqufod historicum stabiliendum. Huic censurse, " says the Bollandist father, " libenter subscribo cum eruditis omnibus."]

All the earlier part of the legend of S. Giles is purely fabulous. It relates that he was a Greek of Athens, son of Theodore and telagia, who sailed to Marseilles and became acquainted with S. Caesarius of Aries. This must be cast aside as utterly legendary, and we come to what appears to be history.

Sept. I.]

S. Giles.

One day Childebert, King of the Franks, according to some; according to others, Wamba, King of the Goths,* was following the chase in the forests on the side of the Rhone where it flows into the Mediterranean, when a doe ^vas started, and pursued by the hunters, fled for refuge to a cave, and penetrated into it ; an arrow was shot after it The hunters entered the grotto, and found a white- haired hermit sheltering the doe, with the arrow in his shoulder. For the old man had lived long in this solitary place, nourished by the milk of the doe.

The king, touched, as these wild but simple natures almost always were, by the sight of this grand old man, almost naked, caused the wound to be dressed, returned often to see him, and at last made him consent to the erection of a monastery upon the site of his grotto, of which he became abbot.

The fame of the venerable Giles reached the ears of Charles Martel, and he sent for him to Orleans. The abbot made the journey, saw and conversed with the iron hero. On his return to Provence, he was greeted with the news that two cedar doors had been washed up on the strand. They were at once, by his orders, removed and fitted to entrances of the church of his abbey. Such was the origin of that celebrated and powerful abbey of S. Giles, which became one of the great pilgrim shrines of the Middle Ages, and gave birth to a town, the capital of a district whose name was borne with pride by one of the most powerful feudal races, and which retains still a venerable church, classed amongst the most remarkable monuments of sculp- ture and architecture.

S. Giles is represented in art in monastic habit with his

' The Lives say King Flavian ; no such name is known among the Visigothic kiog& Wamba reigned from 672 to 680.

lo Lives of the Saints. [Scpt. x.

hind at his side, his hand resting on its head and pierced with an arrow.

The relics of S. Giles are preserved at S. Semin in Tou- louse. S. Giles is reckoned in Germany Its one of the Vierzehn Noth-helfer. On his day at Valencia, it is the custom to bless a sprig of fennel.

Sept 3.] ' S. Antoninus. 1 1

September 2.

S. Antoninus, M. at Apatnaa in Syria.

SS. Zbno, Concoroius, and Othbks, MM. at Nicomedia ; a.o. 36a.

S. Justus, B. 0/ Lyon*; circ. A.D. 390.

S. Elpioius, Ab. in the Marche* 0/ Ancona ; $th cent,

S. MoNNOsus, Ab. OH Mount Soracte in Italy; 6th cent.

S. Agricola. B. 0/ Avignon; circ. a.d. 700.

S. William, B. of Roskilde, in Denmark; a.d. 1067.

S. StEVHEUt K. o/Hunjparyt at Stuhlttreissenburg^; a.d. 1308.

B. Margaret, V.M, at Lonvain ; a.d. laao.

S. ANTONINUS, M. (date uncertain.)

[Roman Martyrology. Ado, Usuardus, &c. His veneration in Syria ca» be traced to the 6th cent., as may be seen from a passage in a book quoted at the Council of Constantinople in 536; see Labbaeus, v.. 243. The Greek Menology in Nov. 9. Authorities : — Mentioned in the Mensea and Menology.]

jAINT ANTONINUS was a stone-cutter in Syria, who, entering an idol temple, rebuked the people for worshipping images of stone. Then he went away, and for two years lived with a hermit named Theotimus, among the rocks. At the end of this time he returned to the city and temple, and, in a fit of zeal, struck and felled the image of the god in it. He was hustled out, and threatened, but was not injured. It is therefore probable that the period was late, not earlier than the reign of Constantine, or Constantius. He went to Apamaea, where the bishop employed him to build a church to the Holy Trinity. He was killed by the people in a riot, for they were incensed at the erection of a church, and pro- pably at the compulsory closing of the temples.

By a curious mistake, the people of Pamiers in the south

1 2 Lives of the Saints. jsept. 2.

•of France, have thought that Apamaea meant their city, and have, therefore, constituted S. Antoninus their . patron. They have composed for him a harrowing martyrdom, and have succeeded in discovering his bones at Pamiers. The body is now at Palencia, translated thither from Pamiers.

SS. ZENO, CONCORDIUS, AND OTHERS, MM. (a.d. 362.)

[Roman Martyrology. Authorities : — The purely fabulous Acts.]

%

Zend and his two sons, Concordius and Theodore, Pater- nus, a tribune, and his wife Theodota, sixty-eight soldiers, a mother and her two little children, Serapion and seventy- two soldiers, Cusconus, Menalippus and Joseph, are said by the apocryphal acts to have suffered at Nicomedia, under the apostate Julian. As Julian did not persecute the Church, such martyrdoms could not have taken place undet him. The Greeks know nothing of the story. A certain Zeno is said by them to have been killed in boiling leiad, but there is no reason for supposing him to have been the same as the Zeno who, it is fabled, suffered under Julian. A Melanippus is also commemorated, but where he suffered is not stated. In the acts Zeno is executed with the sword.

Sept. a.]

61 Nonnosus. i j

S. NONNOSUS, AB. (6th cent.)

[Modem Roman Martyrology, inserted by Baronius. Authority :->Men- tioned in the Dialogues gmT S. Gregory the Great, Lib. i. c. 7.]

S. Nonnosus was abbot of a monastery which had been founded on Mount Soracte by Carloman. He is said by S. Gregory the Great to have prayed that a huge stooe which encumbered the garden of the monastery might be removed, and the rock at once rolled from the spot down the mountain-side.

The body of S. Nonnosus is now at Friesingen, in Bavaria.

S. WILLIAM, B. OF ROSKILDE. (a.d. 1076.) [Danish Kalendars. Authorities : — Saxo Grammaticus Hist. Den. lib. xi.]

S. William of Roskilde was an English priest, chaplain to King Canute. In a voyage to Denmark which he made with the king, William was so moved with compassion at the sight of the barbarism and superstition of the Danes^ that he resolved to tarry in Denmark, and preach there the Gospel. He was elevated to the episcopal throne of Roskilde in 1044 on the death of Aage, the second bishop^ by King Swend Estrithson. At this time he was at the court of that magnificent prelate Adalbert of Bremen, who aspired to the patriarchate of the North of Europe. He was brought from Bremen to the isle of Seeland, and there consecrated Bishop of Roskilde. At this time another English bishop. Filbert, occupied the see of Funen.

Swend was warmly attached to William, and the bishop

14 Lives of the Saints. ^scpt 2.

reciprocated his affection with no less ardour. Yet William was not disposed to let his attachment interfere with what he believed to be his duty.

Gn the death of his wife, Gunhild, Swend married his step-daughter, Guda^ daughter of Gunhild by her first husband. King Anund of Sweden. Such a marriage offended public decency as well as church law. William and Egino, Bishop of Dalbye, rebuked the king, and when he would not listen to their remonstrances, they appealed to Adalbert of Bremen. The archbishop wrote to Swend, threatening him with excommunication. "Let the haughty prelate beware," said the king, "or I will tear down his church, and translate the archbishopric from Bremen to Ham- burg."

Adalbert appealed to Rome. Pope Victor II. and the Emperpr Henry IV. both wrote to Swend, and this, together with the repeated injunctions of S. William, induced the king to separate from Gudain 1055. After this he remained unmarried. '

The conduct of Adalbert irritated Swend so greatly, that he expressed his wish to have an archbishopric erected in his own domains. He had S. William undoubtedly in view, and had he succeeded, Roskilde would have been consti- tuted the metropolitan see of the North. But the powerful opposition of Adalbert prevented the execution of his design, ^md half a century later, Lund instead of Roskilde was elevated to this dignity.

One New Year's Eve there was much drunkenness at the Toyal board ; and during the feast some of those at table whispered words concerning the king which were not compli- mentary. Their words were repeated. The revellers staggered in the early morning, before dawn, to the church of the Holy Trinity, to hear matins ; and the furious Swend detached some of his body-guard to kill the jesters in the

Sept. a.]

S. William. 15

church. Swend himself proceeded in state to the house of God somewhat later to hear mass; but S. William came forth in his pontificals, and barred the way against the king with his pastoral staff " Stand back, executioner !" The body-guard drew their swords, still stained with blood shed on the holy floor, and threatened the bishop. His coun- tenance was immoved, and he did not swerve from his post.

Swend turned round, and walked gloomily back to his palace. The fumes of wine wore off ; conscience spoke ; and, feeling how guilty he had been, in an access of remorse, he stripped off his royal robes, and barefoot he sought the church, flung himself before the door, and kissed the earth.

In the meantime the bishop had begun mass. But when he heard that the king was at the door, he arrested the chanting, went to the gates, absolved Swend, embraced him, and bade him re-apparel himself in his royal robes. Two days Swend remained shut up in his palace ; on the third he went to the church in state, ascended to the high altar, and before all the people, confessed his crime, praised the mercy of the bishop, who had given him absolution so readily, and endowed the church of Roskilde, in expiation, with large estates in Seeland. The year in which this took place is not stated, but Suhm thinks it was in 1071, shortly before Swend's abortive attempt on England.

The king's affection for S. William was not shaken by these acts ; he manifested the warmest love both for the bishop and his church.

After a reign of thirty years. King Swend Estrithson died in Jutland at the end of April, 1076, so beloved by his people that he was allowed in the last parliament of his bonders that he held to nominate his successor; a right which no King of Denmark possessed without their consent, as the crown was elective. He made his bonders promise

1 6 Lives of the Saints. [Sept 2.

that he should be buried in Roskilde cathedral, which Bishop William had erected, and which he had endowed.

His body was afterwards brought to Seeland, and placed at Ringsted, till the cathedral was completed, and ready ta receive it. When the church was ready, S. William ordered two graves to be made side by side, assuring the clergy that he had often prayed God not to part him from his monarch and best friend, and that he knew he would be laid beside him.

Then he rode to meet the ftineral convoy ; and when he came to a forest which lies between Roskilde and Ringsted, he bade his attendants hew down branches, and fashion a bier, which was to be borne after him.

And now in the distance was seen, winding through the fern, under the beech leaves, browning with the first autumnal tints, the black procession, and the wailing chant of the priests reached the bishop's ear.

He descended from his horse, drew off his coat, and laid himself on the sward, lifting his hands and eyes to the sky that twinkled through the shifting network of leaves, and prayed God to join him to his dear king. So, thus lying on the bilberries and sweet grass, whilst nearer and louder waxed the advancing " De profundis," his spirit sweetly sped. " They were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in death they were not divided."

When the convoy bearing the dead king came to the spot, the servants of the bishop had laid their dead master on his leafy bier, and the two parties united in one sad wail of sorrow for both the holy dead.

In process of time the church was enlarged by a succeed- ing bishop; and when the new building was well-nigh finished, the tomb of Bishop William was removed to make room for the columns of the choir. That night, so runs the legend, the saintly prelate appeared to the sacristan,

Sept. 2] -^. Margaret o/Louvain. 17

who slept within the building. " Why," said he, " have I been parted from my friend ?" then he struck the walls with his crozier, and down they fell about the ears of the alarmed sacristan, who, however, escaped scathless from among the Tuins..

In the sixteenth century Bishop Urn caused his bones to be disinterred and placed in a pewter coilin in a hole of a pillar of the choir, over which his portrait was painted in /resco ; and there they remain to this day undisturbed

B. MARGARET OF LOUVAIN, V.M. (a.d. 1220.)

[Roman and Belgian Martyrologies. The cultus of Margaret began im- •mediately upon her death, as we learn from Cesarius of Heisterbach, a contemporary, in his Dialogue, vi. 34, who has given there her history. Caesarius at the time was Prior of Villars, only a few miles distant. His Dialogus Miraculomm was written in 1222. In addition to the account of Caesarius, there is a larger account by an anonymous writer of the same date.]

At the beginning of the thirteenth century there lived in

Louvain a citizen and his wife, worthy people, keeping a

tavern, who had a kinswoman, named Margaret, a pious,

modest girl, as their servant It was the intention of the

good folks to go to Villars, on the 2nd of September, 1220,

and there to renounce the world and enter the Cistercian

Order. They had disposed of their goods, and had all

their money in the house, intending to take it with them.

On the eve of the expedition, after it was dark, some

ruffians, knowing the intention of Amandus and his wife,

entered the house, imder the pretence that they had come to

bid them good-bye. The worthy man at once sent forth

Margaret to buy some wine that he might regale his visitors.

J^^o sooner was she gone, than the ruffians fell on him and

Ilia wi£e^ miurdered them, and seized on their money.

VOL. IX. 2

1 8 Lives of the Saints. ^sept «.

Margaret unhappily returned before they left, and they ordered her to follow them.

They hasted from the house, and took their way out of the town, the gates of which were not yet closed, and did not tarry till they had reached a little tavern. There they halted, and called for wine, Margaret they roughly ordered to sit down, they had threatened her before with instant death should she open her mouth. The poor girl remained silent; but with streaming eyes. Her evident distress excited the sympathy of the hostess, and when the